Today we’re exploring smear tests – also known as cervical screenings – why they’re important, and what to expect at your screening. Jo’s Cervical Cancer Trust estimates that a smear test can prevent 75% of cervical cancers from developing, so it’s a vital step to look after your physical health. While cervical cancer is still relatively rare, it is crucial symptoms are caught early to make sure effective treatment can be given.

What is a smear test?

A cervical smear test checks for abnormal cell changes in the cervix. Finding these changes can prevent cervical cancer (cancer of the cervix) from developing. A smear test is usually the first part of cervical screening; this is a way of collecting a small sample of cells from the cervix. It is also called the cervical screening test. Finding and treating these changes can prevent cervical cancer developing.

What to expect

The doctor or nurse will take a sample of cells from your cervix. They will do this by inserting a speculum into the vagina and sweeping the cervix with a soft plastic brush to collect the cells. Your sample will then be sent off for testing. They will be looking to see if you have Human Papilloma Virus (HPV), if you do have HPV, your sample will be checked for any changes to the cells which could potentially lead to cervical cancer in the future.

Who can have cervical screening?
Cervical screening is for anyone who has a cervix. It is important to have, even if you have had the HPV vaccination – the vaccination protects against the most common types of high-risk HPV that cause cervical cancers, but it does not protect against all types.

It is safe to have cervical screening if you are pregnant, but you can usually delay it if you prefer. A screening test (the cervical smear test) during pregnancy may cause a small amount of bleeding afterwards. This is normal and does not affect your baby.

Smear Tests for Women

The NHS will contact you when it is time for your cervical screening if you are 25 to 64 years old and registered as female with a GP. You do not need screening if you have had surgery to remove your cervix. If you have had surgery to the cervix, vagina or womb but you are not sure what your operation involved, your GP can find out from your medical records. If you are not sure about having cervical screening for any reason, talk to your GP, practice nurse or sexual health service.

Smear Tests for Trans and Non-binary people

If you are a trans man or non-binary person and have a cervix, you should have regular screenings too. But, you may not be sent an invitation if you are registered as male with your GP. Tell your GP if you want to have cervical screening, so they can arrange regular tests for you.

Jo’s Cervical Cancer Trust (https://www.jostrust.org.uk/) has detailed information about cervical screening for trans and non-binary people. This includes information about having a smear test, trans-specific clinics and further support.

You do not need cervical screening if you are a trans woman or were assigned male at birth.

What if I’ve experienced sexual trauma?

Smear tests may be triggering for people who are survivors of sexual trauma – here are some things which you can do which may help make the experience a bit easier. Eve Appeal and The Survivors Trust have some really helpful resources and support – If you need any more support, do get in touch with the Ask Eve nurses who can help with advice and information on nurse@eveappeal.org.uk or 0808 802 0019. The Survivor’s Trust also has a support line which you can call on 0808 801 0818.

If you think you might be overdue for your smear test, reach out to your GP today and book it in – this small step could make a big difference.