Prostate Health: Tips for Understanding Risks and Prevention

With Movember spotlighting men’s health this November, it’s an ideal time to focus on prostate health, an area often overlooked until issues arise. Maintaining good health is a priority for everyone, and for men, prostate health is a crucial aspect often overlooked until problems arise. The prostate, a walnut-sized gland located below the bladder, plays a pivotal role in reproductive health. However, as men age, they become susceptible to various prostate-related issues, making it essential to understand the risks and adopt preventive measures. In this article, we’ll delve into the challenges men face regarding prostate health, reasons behind these challenges, and conclude with evidence-based behaviour change strategies.

Challenges for Men and Reasons Why

Prostate health concerns can have a significant impact on men’s wellbeing. The most common conditions include benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and prostate cancer. According to studies conducted in the UK, the prevalence of BPH increases with age, affecting nearly 50% of men over the age of 50 and up to 90% of men over 80 (NHS, 2018). Prostate cancer, on the other hand, is the most common cancer in men in the UK, with around 1 in 8 men being diagnosed during their lifetime (Cancer Research UK, 2021).

Several factors contribute to these challenges. Age is the primary risk factor, as the prostate naturally enlarges over time, potentially leading to BPH. Genetics also play a role; men with a family history of prostate issues are at a higher risk. Check your risk at Prostate Cancer UK using a 30 second risk checker [accessed 2023]. Lifestyle factors such as poor diet, lack of exercise, and obesity can exacerbate the risks. Moreover, the stigma around discussing intimate health matters often prevents men from seeking timely medical advice and screenings, leading to delayed diagnosis and treatment.

PSA and its Role in Prostate Cancer Detection

Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) is a protein produced by the cells of the prostate gland. It plays a crucial role in semen liquefaction, which aids in sperm mobility and fertility. However, PSA levels can also serve as a valuable biomarker in the detection and monitoring of prostate cancer.

In prostate cancer, the cells of the prostate gland may become abnormal and start to multiply uncontrollably, forming tumours. As these cancerous cells produce PSA just like normal prostate cells, the PSA level in the blood can rise. This is why PSA testing is commonly used as an initial screening tool for prostate cancer.

PSA testing involves a simple blood test that measures the amount of PSA in the bloodstream. Normal PSA levels are generally low, but they can vary based on factors such as age and prostate size. Elevated PSA levels can indicate various conditions, including Prostate Cancer, BPH and Prostatitis. 

Evidence-Based Prevention Strategies

Proactive steps can significantly mitigate the risks associated with prostate health issues. Here are evidence-based strategies that can be incorporated into daily life:

• Healthy Diet: Research from UK based studies has shown that a diet rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and healthy fats can promote prostate health (British Dietetic Association, 2015). Consuming foods high in antioxidants, such as tomatoes (rich in lycopene), and green tea, may have protective effects against prostate cancer (National Cancer Institute, 2019).
• Regular Exercise: Engaging in regular physical activity has been linked to a reduced risk of both BPH and prostate cancer. Aim for at least 150 minutes of moderate-intensity exercise per week, such as brisk walking, swimming, or cycling in line with current government guidelines. 
• Maintain a Healthy Weight: Obesity is associated with an increased risk of prostate health issues. By maintaining a healthy weight through a balanced diet and regular exercise, men can lower their risk (World Cancer Research Fund, 2018)
• Screening and Early Detection: While routine screening for prostate cancer remains controversial, discussing the pros and cons of screening with a healthcare provider is crucial, especially for those with a family history. The NHS offers guidance on prostate cancer screening for informed decision-making. 
• Open Dialogue: Breaking the silence around prostate health is essential. Charities like Prostate Cancer UK provide information, support, and a platform for men to openly discuss their concerns. Talking to friends, family, or support groups can help alleviate the stigma associated with these issues.

As always, early intervention is key. If you have a family history of prostate cancer, inform your healthcare provider so they can support with regular check up’s and screening programmes, tailored accordingly. For men aged 50 and over, or those with risk factors, the PSA (prostate-specific antigen) blood test can help detect potential prostate issues. However, it’s important to note that the PSA test is not foolproof and should be discussed with your healthcare provider.

Understanding the risks associated with prostate health and taking preventive measures is paramount for men’s overall wellbeing. Challenges such as age, genetics, and lifestyle factors contribute to prostate-related conditions, but evidence-based strategies can help mitigate these risks. By adopting a healthy diet, engaging in regular exercise, maintaining a healthy weight, considering screening options, and fostering open dialogue, men can empower themselves to take charge of their prostate health and lead fulfilling lives.

Take action this Movember, small changes in lifestyle can lead to significant improvements in health. Prioritising prostate health today can lead to a healthier and happier tomorrow.